The last mile will be where the battle will be fought in emerging economies/BOP and the sustainable innovation will be

At the top of the pyramid "Dis-intermediation" was the business model that created the economies of scale and scope. From Retail to ICT to FMCG is where giant 800 pound gorillas were created out of. However a vast majority of these companies in various industries are not being able to compete and create sustainable and scalable business models and at that are being disrupted themselves in new markets.

The last mile economics is where the next disruption will take place and the innovation will come from unlocking the social-cultural-economic potential through business models and ICT to create the economies of scale and scope. Emerging economies and BOP markets are very exciting but for those who have to succeed will have to do the opposite of what they did to become dominant players and that is where the DNA is resistant to change. Great opportunities for new emerging entrepreneurs, investors and the ecosystem. Look at Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank